Tuesday, January 2, 2018

SearchCap: Google voice quality, AdWords climate change ads & Amazon Alexa ads

Below is what happened in search today, as reported on Search Engine Land and from other places across the web.

From Search Engine Land:

Recent Headlines From Marketing Land, Our Sister Site Dedicated To Internet Marketing:

Search News From Around The Web:

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There’s nothing stopping climate change deniers from using Google AdWords

Targeted, personalized ads have long been held up as a win-win-win, for consumers, advertisers and publishers. An article from The New York Times about climate change deniers using Google AdWords to promote their agenda pokes (more) holes in that optimistic vision.

In the Times article, Hiroko Tabuchi laid out how ads proclaiming climate change a hoax appeared at the top of Google search results when searching in private browsing mode. Yet, when the climate change reporter had private browsing mode on — and Google could access more signals such as past search and browsing history to target ads to users most likely to click — ads from environmental groups, not climate change denying groups, appeared.

The Times describes the climate change-denying advertisers as having figured out how to game Google’s system: “The climate denialist ads are an example of how contrarian groups can use the internet’s largest automated advertising systems to their advantage, gaming the system to find a mass platform for false or misleading claims.”

But these advertisers don’t have to do anything special or out of the ordinary to get Google’s algorithms to display their ads. In other words, no gaming is needed. As the Times lays out, there is no specific policy against promoting “alternative facts.” AdWords policy is aimed at consumer protections, preventing advertisers from “giving misleading information about products, services, or businesses.” (Likewise, AdSense’s misrepresentative content policy is not aimed at policing the editorial veracity of the content on which Google-served ads may appear. Which is why sites that promote conspiracy theories and hoaxes continue to be included in Google’s AdSense ad network.)

This is just one more example of how ad targeting and content optimizing algorithms from search and social media platforms reinforce established beliefs by targeting the content people see in pursuit of higher click-through rates. No gaming required.

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Report: Amazon in discussions with consumer brands about ads on Alexa

According to a report on CNBC, Amazon is in talks with several large consumer product companies, such as Procter & Gamble, about advertising and sponsorship opportunities through Alexa and voice search.

According to the report:

The e-tailer has been in talks with several companies about letting them promote products on the best-selling Echo devices, which are powered by the Alexa voice assistant, according to several people familiar with the matter who asked not to be named because the discussions are private. Consumer companies, including Procter & Gamble and Clorox, have been involved in these talks, according to the people. Some of the early discussions have centered on whether companies would pay for higher placement if a user searches for a product such as shampoo on the device, similar to how paid searches work in Google.

The report also says that there may be a range of promotional opportunities on Alexa. One is reportedly a product suggestion on behalf of a brand tied to purchase history. “Alexa may suggest to a shopper who previously bought Clorox’s Pine-Sol to consider buying its disinfecting wipes,” CNBC says. Consumer shopping data, in the aggregate and by individual, could be used here very effectively to target ads.

Hypothetically, general questions or informational queries could also yield product ads related to content (e.g., “How do I get red wine out of a carpet?”). Currently, Alexa doesn’t answer that question (though Google Home does). A real example comes if you ask Alexa to purchase a product: “Alexa, I’d like to buy some paper towels.” The machine currently responds: “OK, I can look for a brand like Bounty, what would you like?”

If you buy the product through Alexa, that fact could then be reported back to the advertiser.

CNBC flags this last example not merely as a helpful suggestion but as a promotion currently being tested. The only problem, if it is in fact an ad, is that there’s no disclosure of that fact. Undisclosed ads potentially run afoul of FTC prohibitions against “consumer deception.” The analogy is the labeling of sponsored slots in search results. If it sounds like an organic result but is really an ad, it would probably be a violation of FTC rules.

Alexa can send search results back to the Alexa app on users’ phones, creating additional “inventory” for ads there as well. The Amazon Echo Show also has a screen (Google is also reportedly working on a virtual assistant device with a screen). The screen creates additional visual and video advertising opportunities. It’s not clear how well the Show sold over the holidays; the most popular Alexa device by far was the ultra-cheap Echo Dot.

In May of last year, voice analytics firm VoiceLabs launched audio ads for Alexa devices but subsequently shut it down because of Amazon disapproval. At the time, CEO Adam Marchick told me that there was “a lot of advertiser demand from CPG companies, to prompt people to add products to their shopping carts.” He added that the audio ads saw a high degree of consumer acceptance.

Amazon’s ad sales topped $1 billion in Q3 of 2017, according to company financial data. Due to Amazon’s strength as a product search engine and in the virtual assistant market, it is poised to grow ad revenue significantly in 2018.

It’s clear that use of voice interfaces and voice search have taken hold over the past 18 months. Google, in May of 2016, said that 20 percent of mobile queries were voice-initiated (probably a conservative estimate). And comScore has famously projected 50 percent of search queries will come from voice by 2020.

Amazon dominates the virtual assistant market today, with anywhere from 70 to 75 percent of device market share. Amazon probably maintained or increased its lead during this past holiday shopping season; we’ll have to wait for the numbers. It’s now fair to say (and forgive me for this) that Alexa has become “the Google of virtual assistants.”

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18 link resolutions for 2018

Oh, the resolutions keep coming! Based on last year’s 17 link resolutions for 2017, I give you my 18 link resolutions for the new year. Here’s to a great start for all your marketing efforts!

1. Educate yourself more about link metrics

I’ve seen so many people referencing link metrics, such as Moz’s Domain Authority or Majestic’s Citation Flow, as if they came from Google — and that’s not good. These metrics are attempts at measuring links, and while they can be very useful, you need to look at more than just those numbers.

Take Domain Authority from Moz, for example. It’s a prediction for how well a site will rank. My clients love Domain Authority and tend to insist on a minimum number, but I see plenty of well-ranked sites with low Domain Authority that would be fantastic linking partners. I also see emails where websites are openly selling links, with these emails going to everyone on the planet, and they have good Domain Authority despite my not being able to find them anywhere in the SERPs.

Majestic’s Citation Flow is another one that clients throw at me. It also predicts how influential a site may be.

These link metrics are very useful, and I’m in no way downplaying them, but I do not believe they can be used by themselves, with nothing else taken into consideration. Keep that in mind.

2. Don’t go overboard with disavowals

You shouldn’t disavow every domain that links to you just because it doesn’t have the metrics you want. That’s just crazy!

It’s important to manually evaluate each link before disavowing — for example, just because you get a link on a new page of a new site, that doesn’t mean the link is spammy. You also don’t need to freak out if you have 100 links and 20 of those are from sites with a Domain Authority of 30 or below.

3. Pay attention to your 404s

Most sites experience the occasional 404 error, but what if you notice your site getting hundreds? Excessive 404s can trigger a bad user experience. They’re not good to have when Google crawls your site, either — that’s why Google provides a list of 404 errors in Search Console.

I don’t care how you deal with them, but I do think you need to deal with them. You could have a fantastic site linking to a 404 on your site and be losing out on a lot of good traffic, for example.

4. Stop using the same email outreach template for everything

Our team uses a fairly generic starting template that’s customized based on the client. We have a general template for finance clients, and it does not work for fashion clients. We use one template when we’re trying to get a link on a resource page of a big site and another when we’re trying to get a link on a local blog.

I love templates to start with, but I think you need to personalize them, or you’ll never hear back from anyone.

5. Test your templates

Maybe this template works well in one industry but not in another one. I’ve previously not been so quick to check this, but we once had a new employee who was getting nothing. No responses. Though his template looked great, I figured we had nothing to lose by trying a different one. So we did — and he started getting responses.

We’ve tested including a URL in the initial outreach. We’ve tested different phrasings for the same basic request. It’s fun to test, but it can also really help improve your link success.

6. Proof your general email outreach (again!)

Please, proofread your outreach emails! Have someone else check, too. I routinely look at the outreach emails my team sends, and occasionally, I will see something, whether it’s a typo I missed or poor punctuation. I do think that an email that does not look perfect looks very unprofessional. I wouldn’t respond to that.

7. Stop hounding people

I will absolutely forget to respond to someone and need a follow-up. However, I do not need five follow-ups. Follow up once, maybe twice (maybe) but that really needs to be the end of it. People are very busy, and they’re only getting busier.

8. Have more patience with webmasters

It’s hard to maintain a successful website. You never know what is going on in their lives. We had a really terrible experience where a link builder kept following up with a webmaster because they’d negotiated a link that didn’t go live. After a couple of weeks, the webmaster responded to say he’d been in the hospital after being hit by a car. And yes, he gave us the link.

9. Have more patience with link builders

It’s hard work building links. You may think it’s a piece of cake, but there are days when my team doesn’t get any links. There are times when there are 20 emails back and forth, and a link then doesn’t work out. There are times when we do discovery for three days without finding any good sites that meet our guidelines. Nothing good comes easy, I suppose.

10. Don’t discount webmasters’ opinions

You may approach a webmaster with a specific link request, but it’s important to be open to alternatives. We have had webmasters respond to us and say they’d love to link to our client but not as we’d asked, so we go back to the client with the webmaster’s ideas. Maybe they know of a better page. Maybe they see a better page on our client’s site to link to. It is very rare for the client to say no, as generally, the webmasters know their audience and their site better than we do.

11. Stop being so set on anchor text

Anchor text is obviously important, but the focus on it remains crazy. We’ve worked with a couple of clients who have turned down the opportunity for a good link because the webmaster wouldn’t link with their chosen anchor text (although that’s been rare). No one knows what their users might like more than the webmasters, in my opinion.

12. Stop constantly running numbers and changing everything

So, you’ve built five links with Anchor Text A. Even though it’s still how most people would naturally link to you, you start building links with only Anchor Text B.

Or you now have 10 links pointing to one of your subpages, so obviously you need to back off drawing attention to it and focus on another subpage, whereupon you will get 10 links and move on to another page.

While it’s good to be conscious of link diversity, constantly changing focus is not good — especially when it consumes you.

13. Don’t think that just because it’s working for your competitors, it’s going to work for you

A competitor might have a successful blog that gets a lot of attention, but maybe it’s a really small space, and there’s just not room for you to do the same thing. They may have 100 linking domains, while you have 85. Getting 15 more is not the only answer for you.

14. Read Google’s guidelines for yourself

Don’t believe every crazy thing you’re told. Recently, a webmaster told us that Google would penalize any site using branded anchor text. Not true. Google updates the guidelines regularly. Read them regularly.

15. Stop looking at the rankings 10 times a day and freaking out

Sometimes there is a lot of volatility, and you’ll see your site on page 2, then page 10, then page 3. If it’s bouncing around that much, you’re better off just not looking for a bit.

16. Pay close attention to Google Analytics and Search Console

We still get clients who haven’t set these up. If Google is giving you information for free, you need to take advantage of it. You can integrate the two and get some powerful data that can help you figure out where your problems are and how to fix them.

17. Don’t forget to pursue other avenues of traffic

We have clients who do really well in Bing. My site’s main source of traffic is referrals from this very column. Some sites get their main business from Facebook. Even if you do rank really well in Google, it’s wise to try to do well elsewhere, whether that means referrals from other sites, other search engines or social.

18. Remember your SEO fundamentals

Links can be the answer, but they aren’t always. Even with a great link-building program in place, it can be difficult to rank well if your on-site SEO isn’t properly done.

What’s on your list of resolutions?

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Do you have a shot at ranking for that phrase?

Do You Have a Shot at Ranking?

One of the first items you should consider in putting together an SEO plan is what keywords you should try to rank for. That’s very basic, right?

But the world of SEO has become more complex. It’s not like you can simply decide you want to rank for a keyword, optimize some content on a page, get some links, and — presto! — you rank. That’s because how relevance to a query is evaluated has become far more nuanced.

To better understand how Google interprets user intent, I’d advise that you take a close look at the search engine results pages (SERPs) for your target phrase to see what currently ranks there. Seeing what you’re up against can help you better understand what your chances of ranking are, and it can help you focus on the keywords where you have the best chances of success.

Illustrating with examples

Here is an example of a search query where every single result shown is an e-commerce site (in addition to some local results). If you have an e-commerce site, and you’re trying to rank, congratulations, you have passed the first test! Google loves e-commerce sites for this query, and that means that if you do the right things with your content and promotion strategies, you should have a chance to gain rankings on this phrase.

SERP for Glassware

In contrast, consider the search results for the search phrase “muffins”:

SERP for Muffins

If you are trying to sell muffins online, you’re in trouble with this query. The first four results are recipes, then you have a local results block, another recipe, a video, a Wikipedia page, then three more recipe results after that.

I would not try to get a page selling muffins online to rank for this query (hopefully, we’re talking about overnight delivery!), but you could try to get your own recipe page to rank. The phrase “buy muffins online” might be a better target for your e-commerce page.

Let’s look at one more, where you are selling tables and want to rank for the search query “table”:

SERP for Table

This one is a mixed bag. We’ve got a shopping results bar up top, and while that’s not an SEO opportunity, it is one way to play on this SERP. Then you’ve got a shopping site, a page talking about HTML tables, another shopping site and a dictionary definition for the word, a shopping site, and then Wikipedia.

After a local results block, there is another page on HTML tables, followed by a shopping site, another dictionary definition, and one last page on HTML tables. If you’re selling tables online, there are four competing e-commerce sites shown on the first page of results.

That means that Google sees a pretty decent intent match with shopping for tables, and there is an opportunity to get your page up on the first page for this query.

Looking more closely

Let’s say that you want to rank for “table,” and you’re a general purpose retailer that sells all kinds of products, similar to Target. Let’s take a close look at the four competing retail sites from the SERP above:

  1. Ikea (ranks No. 1) — Specialty retailer that sells furniture
  2. Wayfair (ranks No. 3) — Specialty retailer that sells furniture
  3. Target (ranks No. 5) — General purpose retailer
  4. Ashley Furniture Home Store (ranks No. 8) — Specialty retailer that sells furniture, lighting and kitchen goods

Uh-oh, perhaps “table” isn’t such a great query to focus on after all. Target is the only general purpose retailer ranking for this query. Those other four e-commerce sites all have furniture sales as a core focus for the entire business.

Why would that matter? As specialty retailers, your competitors for this search query are only focused in a limited area, and all of the online signals that indicate that they are good for users will get associated with furniture. From a practical user perspective, they offer a far wider range of options related to tables, and far more related products, since this is all that they do. That is a clear indication of what types of sites Google considers relevant to this query.

Determining user intent

This entire exercise has been about determining what types of pages and sites Google thinks best match up with the user intent of the query. It’s natural for them to offer a mix of results for many types of queries. In the case of the “muffins” query, for a page selling muffins online, Google does not think your e-commerce page is a match at all. You fail the basic relevance test.

Other queries behave very differently, and for those, you need to look more deeply. In our “table” example, we had four retailers, but as a general purpose retailer, it should be concerning that there is only one other general purpose retailer in the top 10 results.

This relates to the other potential intents of the user. People searching for tables may want a wide range of choices for tables, but also other related furniture and in-home goods. At Target, you can also buy clothing, electronics, video games, movies, music and books.

However, those aspects of Target don’t provide great support for the user intent of buying tables. More closely related product offerings and a broader array of table selections to buy from appear to do so, and this is why the specialty retailers perform so well for this query. In addition, Google sees that a lot of users actually want to learn about HTML tables or want a dictionary definition for the word.

Now, Target has managed to get into the top 10, but the point is, it’s the only general purpose retailer to do so. If you’re a general purpose retailer selling tables, and you want to get on the first page of Google for the phrase “table,” your only option may be to displace Target from its place in the fifth position, meaning there is only one spot available to you on that page.

This discussion has been all about understanding the nuances of determining user intent. It’s no longer as simple as honing the keyword relevance of one page and getting some links. Those things still matter, but a deeper understanding of relevance is needed to succeed in today’s search environment, and this should impact what keywords you attempt to rank for.

Using this line of thinking, you can avoid wasting time and effort trying to pursue keywords that you don’t have much chance of ranking for and focus your efforts in places where you have a stronger chance.

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New search quality raters guidelines for Google Assistant and voice search evaluations

Google has published on the Google Research blog the search quality raters guidelines, contractors guidelines to evaluate Google’s search results, specifically for the Google Assistant and voice search results. It is similar to the web search quality guidelines, but it changes in that there is no screen to look at when evaluating such results; instead you are evaluating the voice responses from the Google Assistant.

Google explained, “The Google Assistant needs its own guidelines in place, as many of its interactions utilize what is called ‘eyes-free technology,’ when there is no screen as part of the experience.” Google has designed machine learning and algorithms to try to make the voice responses and “answers grammatical, fluent and concise.” Google said that they ask raters to make sure that answers are satisfactory across several dimensions:

  • Information Satisfaction: the content of the answer should meet the information needs of the user.
  • Length: when a displayed answer is too long, users can quickly scan it visually and locate the relevant information. For voice answers, that is not possible. It is much more important to ensure that we provide a helpful amount of information, hopefully not too much or too little. Some of our previous work is currently in use for identifying the most relevant fragments of answers.
  • Formulation: it is much easier to understand a badly formulated written answer than an ungrammatical spoken answer, so more care has to be placed in ensuring grammatical correctness.
  • Elocution: spoken answers must have proper pronunciation and prosody. Improvements in text-to-speech generation, such as WaveNet and Tacotron 2, are quickly reducing the gap with human performance.

The short, only seven-page, guidelines can be downloaded as a PDF over here.

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Monday, January 1, 2018

New Year’s Day 2018 Google doodle brings in the new year with a bright sunrise

Today’s Google doodle ends its illustrated holiday doodle series, showing the penguins who have been featured in all the images back on a snowy landscape watching the sunrise.

Since the first doodle shared on December 18, the penguins have made plans to visit their tropical bird friends in warmer weather, celebrated the New Year’s Eve among palm trees, and now return home to witness a bright new day for the start of 2018.

“After closing out the holidays with a bang, our penguin pals watch as the sun rises on a brand new year and look forward to what’s ahead,” writes Google on the Google Doodle Blog.

The first two doodles in series that appeared on December 18 and December 25 led to searches for “December global festivities.” The doodle posted yesterday led to a search for “New Year’s Eve 2017,” and today’s doodle to “New Year’s Day 2018.”

All four of the doodles in the series included a slide show of illustrated images, with new images added for each new doodle. Here are all the illustrations in the order they appeared:

December global festivities doodle from December 18

December global festivities doodle from December 25

New Year’s Eve 2017 doodle

New Year’s Day 2018 doodle

In addition to the holiday doodle series that started on December 18, Google also posted a doodle for the Winter Solstice on December 21 and one to honor Marlene Dietrich on December 27, marking what would have been the actress’ 116th birthday.

Search Engine Land wishes all of its readers a happy New Year!

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